%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Linda Urselmans, Steve Phelps
A Schelling model with adaptive tolerance
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 9 0 R/Annots 10 0 R/Contents 11 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
10 0 obj
[12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R]
endobj
12 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref005)>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref006)>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref007)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref007)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref008)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref009)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref009)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref009)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref010)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref010)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref011)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref012)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref010)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref013)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref014)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref013)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref015)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref016)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref012)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref002)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 33 0 R>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>
endobj
11 0 obj
[34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R]
endobj
34 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
203.5276 680.315 m
208.4031 680.315 l
h
f*
203.4142 654.3496 m
208.1764 654.3496 l
h
f*
234.7654 641.3102 m
239.5276 641.3102 l
h
f*
521.0646 628.3276 m
525.8268 628.3276 l
h
f*
240.7748 602.3055 m
245.537 602.3055 l
h
f*
364.9323 537.3354 m
369.6945 537.3354 l
h
f*
358.0157 511.3134 m
362.7213 511.3134 l
h
f*
462.9543 498.3307 m
467.7165 498.3307 l
h
f*
245.3669 446.3433 m
254.8913 446.3433 l
h
f*
364.7622 420.3213 m
374.2866 420.3213 l
h
f*
287.6031 381.3165 m
297.1276 381.3165 l
h
f*
301.6063 381.3165 m
311.1307 381.3165 l
h
f*
241.0016 355.3512 m
250.526 355.3512 l
h
f*
509.3858 277.3417 m
518.8535 277.3417 l
h
f*
364.7055 264.3024 m
374.2299 264.3024 l
h
f*
292.1386 238.337 m
301.6063 238.337 l
h
f*
224.2772 199.3323 m
233.8016 199.3323 l
h
f*
387.6661 147.3449 m
397.1339 147.3449 l
h
f*
291.8551 134.3055 m
301.3795 134.3055 l
h
f*
412.1575 82.3181 m
416.9197 82.3181 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
0.009 Tc
0 0 Td
(places)Tj
2.7042 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(EU)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(migrants)Tj
3.8892 0 Td
(18)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(voted)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0488 0 Td
(remain.)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1338 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0432 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(were)Tj
-32.4564 -1.3039 Td
(among)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(receptive)Tj
3.9402 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0488 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(Leave)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(campaign)Tj
4.2293 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(hardly)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(EU)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(migrants)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9808 0 Td
(all.)Tj
-35.5972 -1.2982 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
1.2982 0 Td
(p.10].)Tj
-0.004 Tc
-0.102 -1.2983 Td
(Intergroup)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(threat)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(theory)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(proven)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(effective)Tj
3.5093 0 Td
(tool)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(testing)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(what)Tj
2.1657 0 Td
(drives)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(sentiments)Tj
-33.0064 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(Perceived)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(threats)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(key)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(values)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(society)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(explain)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(anti-immigrant)Tj
6.412 0 Td
(hostility)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(in)Tj
-33.9815 -1.3039 Td
(Europe)Tj
3.135 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(Those)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(believe)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(traditional)Tj
4.4164 0 Td
(values)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(undermined)Tj
5.2043 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(societal)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(cohe-)Tj
-34.4974 -1.2982 Td
(sion)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(`what)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7881 0 Td
(once)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(was',)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(likely)Tj
2.3528 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(sceptical)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(immigration)Tj
5.2894 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-30.5686 -1.2983 Td
(Integrated)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(threat)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(theory)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(drawn)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(elements)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(intergroup)Tj
4.5184 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(theory,)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(initially)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(pro-)Tj
-35.172 -1.3039 Td
(posed)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(1954)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(`Contact)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(hypothesis'.)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(Drawing)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(mixed)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(segre-)Tj
-33.9248 -1.2983 Td
(gated)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(neighbourhoods)Tj
6.7918 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(US,)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(Allport)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(concluded)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(certain)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(conditions,)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(white)Tj
-32.876 -1.2983 Td
(people)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(frequent)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(black)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(people)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(experienced)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(decreased)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(racial)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(prejudice.)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(Inter-)Tj
-34.5427 -1.3039 Td
(group)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(theory)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(is)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
0.8504 0 Td
[()6()12()]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
1.5137 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(proposition)Tj
4.8869 0 Td
(of)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
1.0148 0 Td
[()-8()-9()4( )-4()7()4()11()10(\n)4()8()10()]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
4.3313 0 Td
(interactions)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(out-groups)Tj
4.6488 0 Td
(resulting)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(in)Tj
-36.1755 -1.2982 Td
(increased)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(trust)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(cohesion.)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(Positive)Tj
3.3618 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1522 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(potentially)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(lead)Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(outcomes,)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(but)Tj
-35.6822 -1.2983 Td
(negative)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(implies)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(opposite)Tj
3.6169 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.727 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(Physical)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
(proximity)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(increases)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(likelihood)Tj
4.2349 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.9736 -1.3039 Td
(contact,)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(positive)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(\(promoting)Tj
4.8643 0 Td
(understanding\))Tj
6.4062 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(negative)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(\(invoking)Tj
-33.4089 -1.2983 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(threat)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(perception\))Tj
4.8585 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(always)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(clear)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(empirical)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(cases)Tj
2.2223 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(times)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(feature)Tj
-34.1799 -1.2982 Td
(migrants)Tj
3.7813 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2076 0 Td
(out-group,)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.4731 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(positive)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(Migrants)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(flee)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(pov-)Tj
-34.7922 -1.2983 Td
(erty)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(seek)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(work)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(first-world)Tj
4.4958 0 Td
(country)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(collective)Tj
3.9344 0 Td
(set)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(common)Tj
-33.7093 -1.3039 Td
(goals)Tj
2.2336 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(host)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(society)Tj
2.9594 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(born)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(what)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(perceive)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(status)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(quo.)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(Differing)Tj
-32.6549 -1.2983 Td
(cultural)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(norms)Tj
2.8289 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(host)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(migrant)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(present)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(challenge)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(to)Tj
-34.6391 -1.2983 Td
(migration)Tj
4.1952 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(would)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(constitute)Tj
4.1726 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(positive)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1522 0 Td
(situation.)Tj
3.9514 0 Td
(Migrants)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(might)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(not)Tj
-35.6709 -1.3039 Td
(speak)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(native)Tj
2.6418 0 Td
(language,)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(presenting)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(obvious)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(technical)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(barrier)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(surpass,)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(strengthening)Tj
-30.7387 -1.2982 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(`otherness')Tj
4.4844 0 Td
(perception)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(out-groups)Tj
4.6545 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-14.9385 -1.2983 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(field)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(political)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(science,)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(theory)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(enjoyed)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(increased)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(since)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
(Robert)Tj
-34.452 -1.3039 Td
(Putnam)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(proposed)Tj
3.9514 0 Td
(that,)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(contrary)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(consensus)Tj
4.2859 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(time,)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(decreases)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(cohe-)Tj
-34.5144 -1.2983 Td
(sion)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(communities)Tj
5.4822 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7405 0 Td
(12)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(Putnam)Tj
3.4073 0 Td
(pointed)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(while)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(immigration)Tj
5.2894 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(source)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.1005 -1.2983 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(positive)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(society)Tj
2.9536 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(long)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(run,)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(its)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(short-term)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(largely)Tj
-33.3352 -1.2982 Td
(negative.)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(echoes)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(sentiments:)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(long)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(run,)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(immigrants)Tj
4.8699 0 Td
(contribute)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(society)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.909 -1.3039 Td
(integrate,)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(short)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(run,)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(positive)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.727 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(outweighed)Tj
4.8698 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1793 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(friction)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(generated)Tj
-33.0347 -1.2983 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(influx)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(diversity.)Tj
-6.0547 -1.2983 Td
(Thus,)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(threat)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(theory)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(precedents)Tj
4.541 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(prejudice)Tj
3.9572 0 Td
(towards)Tj
3.4015 0 Td
(outgroups,)Tj
4.5298 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(contact)Tj
-33.9418 -1.3039 Td
(theory)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(context)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(interact.)Tj
-22.2915 -1.2982 Td
(Both)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(theories)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(empirically)Tj
4.6884 0 Td
(tested)Tj
2.5569 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(psychology)Tj
4.6828 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(political)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(science,)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(result-)Tj
-34.8092 -1.2983 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(hundreds)Tj
4.0365 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(\(for)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(meta-study)Tj
4.7112 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(threat)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(theory,)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(see)Tj
1.4286 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(meta-)Tj
-34.7128 -1.3039 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(capital)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(cohesion,)Tj
4.0138 0 Td
(see)Tj
1.423 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(To)Tj
1.3379 0 Td
(date,)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.9946 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.6482 -1.2983 Td
(social)Tj
2.4547 0 Td
(capital)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(unclear.)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(occurrence)Tj
4.6601 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(strength)Tj
3.5093 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8448 0 Td
(dependent)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.3137 -1.2983 Td
(context)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(placed)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(in.)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(find)Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9106 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8503 0 Td
(taken)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(national)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(sub-national)Tj
5.2497 0 Td
(level,)Tj
2.2394 0 Td
(will)Tj
-35.5292 -1.3039 Td
(effect)Tj
2.364 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(resolution)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.0739 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(behaviour)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(ultimately,)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(results)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.7367 -1.2982 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(study.)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(Movement)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8448 0 Td
(easier)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(capture)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(higher)Tj
2.8007 0 Td
(resolution)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(data.)Tj
2.1374 0 Td
(Tangential)Tj
4.4957 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(find-)Tj
-34.435 -1.2983 Td
(ings,)Tj
2.0862 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(notes)Tj
2.3527 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(stark)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(differences)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(operationalisation)Tj
7.4608 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(capital)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(variables)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(\(particu-)Tj
-33.0347 -1.2983 Td
(larly)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(trust\))Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(drive)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(differences)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(results)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(studies.)Tj
-23.4367 -1.3039 Td
(Empirical)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(difficulties)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(operationalising)Tj
6.6841 0 Td
(variables.)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(Effects)Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(individual)Tj
-31.7931 -1.2983 Td
(level,)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(decreased)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(prejudice)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(positive)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2076 0 Td
(out-group)Tj
4.2916 0 Td
(member,)Tj
-32.5018 -1.2982 Td
(must)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(necessarily)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(persist)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(group)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(level.)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(much)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(has)Tj
-34.6901 -1.3039 Td
(spawned)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(]'s)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(finding)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(invoking)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(threat)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(perceptions)Tj
4.8755 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(on)Tj
-34.7241 -1.2983 Td
(macro-level.)Tj
5.142 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(means)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(parts)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(underlying)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(theory)Tj
2.8007 0 Td
(cannot)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(captured.)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(Threat)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(theory)Tj
-34.7922 -1.2983 Td
(emphasizes)Tj
4.7678 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(threat-related)Tj
5.6466 0 Td
(antecedents)Tj
4.9323 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(prejudice)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(loss)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(identity)Tj
3.3052 0 Td
(though)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(pres-)Tj
-35.4215 -1.3039 Td
(ence)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2076 0 Td
(outgroup)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(challenges)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(values)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(identity)Tj
3.3052 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(founded.)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(Contact)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(the-)Tj
-35.1663 -1.2982 Td
(ory)Tj
1.5533 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(contrast)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(focuses)Tj
3.1125 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(context)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 432.7937 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.8787 0 Td
(Schelling)Tj
4.1953 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.8914 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(adaptive)Tj
3.9331 0 Td
(toleranc)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(e)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01939)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(50)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9622 0 Td
(6,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.9018 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
35 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
36 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
37 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
38 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
39 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
40 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
42 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
47 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(24)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
48 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 9 0 R/Annots 50 0 R/Contents 51 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
50 0 obj
[52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R]
endobj
52 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref017)>>
endobj
53 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref018)>>
endobj
54 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref019)>>
endobj
55 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref020)>>
endobj
56 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref019)>>
endobj
57 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref019)>>
endobj
58 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref017)>>
endobj
59 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref021)>>
endobj
60 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref021)>>
endobj
61 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0193950.ref019)>>
endobj
62 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 63 0 R>>
endobj
63 0 obj
<>
endobj
51 0 obj
[64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R]
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
493.4551 706.337 m
502.9795 706.337 l
h
f*
519.874 667.3323 m
529.3984 667.3323 l
h
f*
231.8173 563.3008 m
241.3417 563.3008 l
h
f*
529.3984 563.3008 m
538.9228 563.3008 l
h
f*
451.7291 550.3181 m
461.2535 550.3181 l
h
f*
240.7748 472.3087 m
250.2992 472.3087 l
h
f*
327.4583 380.9197 m
336.9827 380.9197 l
h
f*
533.3669 367.937 m
542.8913 367.937 l
h
f*
342.1984 302.9102 m
351.7228 302.9102 l
h
f*
262.6016 146.948 m
272.0693 146.948 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 211.9748 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(bridge)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(micro-macro)Tj
5.5161 0 Td
(gap)Tj
1.6385 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(employing)Tj
4.4673 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(agent-based)Tj
4.9946 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(Agent-based)Tj
-31.0845 -1.3039 Td
(models)Tj
3.101 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(particularly)Tj
4.8132 0 Td
(suited)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(exploring)Tj
4.0309 0 Td
(theories)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(complexity)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(since)Tj
2.2451 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(able)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.011 -1.2982 Td
(capture)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(properties)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(heterogeneous)Tj
6.0264 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(individuals,)Tj
4.8756 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9388 0 Td
(act)Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(according)Tj
-33.2048 -1.2983 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(realistic)Tj
3.3051 0 Td
(behavioural)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(rules)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.44 0 Td
(located)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(geographic)Tj
4.6147 0 Td
(and/or)Tj
2.9311 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(space)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(Typically,)Tj
-33.715 -1.2983 Td
(agent-based)Tj
4.9946 0 Td
(modelling)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(takes)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(bottom-up)Tj
4.5524 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9514 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(imbued)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(micro-)Tj
-34.6901 -1.3039 Td
(level)Tj
2.0125 0 Td
(behaviours,)Tj
4.8246 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(then)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(give)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(rise)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(macro-level)Tj
4.921 0 Td
(behaviours)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(empir-)Tj
-34.7468 -1.2982 Td
(ically)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(output)Tj
2.897 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(model;)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(easier)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(bridge)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(micro-macro)Tj
5.5162 0 Td
(gap)Tj
1.6327 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(all)Tj
-36.1528 -1.2983 Td
(micro-level)Tj
4.7508 0 Td
(behaviour)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(automatically)Tj
5.6069 0 Td
(accounted)Tj
4.3369 0 Td
(for.)Tj
-18.5894 -1.3039 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(paper)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(approaches)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(inter-group)Tj
4.8699 0 Td
(tolerance)Tj
3.8948 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(agent-based)Tj
4.9946 0 Td
(perspective)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.7276 -1.2983 Td
(understand)Tj
4.7848 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(implications)Tj
5.1761 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(migration)Tj
4.1952 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(introduction)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(existing)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(popu-)Tj
-35.172 -1.2983 Td
(lation.)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(Previous)Tj
3.6906 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(employed)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(agent-based)Tj
4.9946 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(introduce)Tj
4.1158 0 Td
(differing)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(levels)Tj
2.3755 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(tol-)Tj
-35.9714 -1.3039 Td
(erance)Tj
2.8402 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(explore)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(minority-majority)Tj
7.5117 0 Td
(relationships)Tj
5.3518 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(this)Tj
-35.7843 -1.2982 Td
(paper)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(build)Tj
2.296 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(formalization)Tj
5.6239 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(proposed)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(analyse)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.0416 -1.2983 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(introduce)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(crucial)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(innovations.)Tj
5.1873 0 Td
(Firstly,)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(incorporates)Tj
5.2498 0 Td
(migration.)Tj
4.422 0 Td
(Sec-)Tj
-34.9169 -1.3039 Td
(ondly,)Tj
2.7268 0 Td
(tolerance)Tj
3.8948 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(adaptive;)Tj
3.8041 0 Td
(agents)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(alter)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(tolerance)Tj
3.8947 0 Td
(levels)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(evaluate)Tj
-34.35 -1.2983 Td
(their)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(surroundings.)Tj
5.8223 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.525 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(investigate)Tj
4.4561 0 Td
(segregation)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0818 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(environmen-)Tj
-32.3317 -1.2982 Td
(tal)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.4787 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(migrants)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(introduce)Tj
4.1158 0 Td
(new)Tj
1.8766 0 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(existing)Tj
3.3109 0 Td
(population,)Tj
4.8189 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(both)Tj
-34.9169 -1.2983 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9706 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(adapt)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(changed)Tj
3.5659 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(environment.)Tj
5.6579 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(adaptation)Tj
4.49 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(pro-)Tj
-34.1629 -1.3039 Td
(posed)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(chosen)Tj
3.0161 0 Td
(so)Tj
1.0828 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.744 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(non-adaptive)Tj
5.5332 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(adaptive)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(agents)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
-36.2265 -1.2983 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2405 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(easily.)Tj
-5.3857 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(remainder)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(paper)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(structured)Tj
4.3484 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(follows.)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(next)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(section)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3323 0 Td
(describe)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(our)Tj
-34.2876 -1.3039 Td
(methods)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(model.)Tj
2.9706 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(section)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(present)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(results.)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(Finally)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3267 0 Td
(conclude)Tj
3.8494 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(section)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(4.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 399.0047 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7653 0 Td
(Method)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 381.9968 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(agent-based)Tj
4.9946 0 Td
(modelling)Tj
4.269 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(analyse)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(social)Tj
-33.766 -1.2982 Td
(cohesion.)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(Our)Tj
1.8652 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(framework)Tj
4.6148 0 Td
(originally)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(introduced)Tj
4.6432 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(Schelling)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(Two)Tj
-35.07 -1.3039 Td
(differently-coloured)Tj
8.2374 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(agents)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(situated)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(2-dimensional)Tj
5.998 0 Td
(grid)Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(they)Tj
-35.2287 -1.2983 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(move)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(around.)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(agents)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(preference)Tj
4.4334 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(locations)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(populated)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(agents)Tj
-33.7887 -1.2983 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(own)Tj
1.9615 0 Td
(colour,)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(move)Tj
2.4265 0 Td
(accordingly.)Tj
5.1136 0 Td
(Preferences)Tj
4.8359 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(quantified)Tj
4.3087 0 Td
(according)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.469 -1.2982 Td
(threshold)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(fraction)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(similarly-coloured)Tj
7.5741 0 Td
(agents)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(neighbourhood)Tj
6.4346 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(required)Tj
3.6397 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(an)Tj
-35.2967 -1.3039 Td
(agent)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(satisfied)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(its)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(locale.)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(showed)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(even)Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(small)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(preference)Tj
4.4333 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(near)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(agents)Tj
-34.418 -1.2983 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(colour)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(gives)Tj
2.1884 0 Td
(rise)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(amount)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(segregation.)Tj
-18.391 -1.2983 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5364 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(framework,)Tj
4.8358 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(introduce)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(migration)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(adaptation)Tj
4.4844 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(tolerance.)Tj
4.1216 0 Td
(We)Tj
-34.0382 -1.3039 Td
(denote)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(coloursgreenas)Tj
8.0334 0 Td
(representing)Tj
5.2384 0 Td
(natives,)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(otherblueas)Tj
6.6898 0 Td
(represent-)Tj
-33.5053 -1.2983 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(migrants.)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(Migration)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(modelled)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(allowing)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(blue)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(grow)Tj
2.2451 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(new)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(migrants)Tj
-33.5166 -1.2982 Td
(arrive)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(particular)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(times,)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(particular)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(locations,)Tj
4.0365 0 Td
(around)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(cluster.)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(Both)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(groups)Tj
-33.9928 -1.3039 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(agents)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(follow)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(behavioural)Tj
4.9209 0 Td
(rules,)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(comprise)Tj
3.9062 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(movement)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(rule,)Tj
2.0126 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(tolerance)Tj
-33.613 -1.2983 Td
(adaptation)Tj
4.4843 0 Td
(rule.)Tj
2.0126 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(former)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(earlier)Tj
2.7609 0 Td
(Schelling)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(agents)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(move)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(over)Tj
-34.7071 -1.2983 Td
(time)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(relocating)Tj
4.201 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(preferred)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(neighbourhoods.)Tj
7.0185 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(latter)Tj
2.296 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(innovation)Tj
4.6035 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(particular)Tj
-33.6923 -1.3039 Td
(model;)Tj
2.9706 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(agents)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(exposed)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(out-group)Tj
4.2917 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(tolerance)Tj
3.8948 0 Td
(increases)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7767 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(currently)Tj
-33.7887 -1.2982 Td
(satisfied)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(environment,)Tj
5.6579 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(otherwise)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(decreases.)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(deviates)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(from)Tj
-33.698 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(original)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(Schelling)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(include)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(additions)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(contributed)Tj
4.9152 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(literature)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.926 -1.2983 Td
(Urban)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(Studies)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-4.7225 -1.3039 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(next)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(section)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(describe)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(precise)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(detail.)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(analysed)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(simu-)Tj
-34.8942 -1.2983 Td
(lating)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(times,)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(recording)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(drawing)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(free)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(parameters)Tj
4.6771 0 Td
(randomly)Tj
4.1273 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.2514 -1.2982 Td
(section)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(2.2.)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(analyse)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(five)Tj
1.6555 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(immigration)Tj
5.2838 0 Td
(treatments,)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(are)Tj
-34.2026 -1.3039 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(section)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(2.3.)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(record)Tj
2.846 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(dependent-variables)Tj
8.3055 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(simulation)Tj
4.4958 0 Td
(run,)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(as)Tj
-33.7944 -1.2983 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(section)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(2.4.)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(section)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(present)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(cross-sectional)Tj
6.1001 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(time-series)Tj
4.5865 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(of)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 432.7937 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.8787 0 Td
(Schelling)Tj
4.1953 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.8914 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(adaptive)Tj
3.9331 0 Td
(toleranc)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(e)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01939)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(50)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9622 0 Td
(6,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.9018 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
69 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
70 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(24)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
71 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 9 0 R/Annots 80 0 R/Contents 81 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
77 0 obj
<>
endobj
82 0 obj
<>stream
/CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin
12 dict begin begincmap
/CMapName/Adobe-Identity-UCS def
/CIDSystemInfo<>def
/CMapType 2 def
1 begincodespacerange
<0000>
endcodespacerange
1 beginbfchar
<003D><005A>
endbfchar
endcmap
CMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop end end
endstream
endobj
83 0 obj
<>/FontDescriptor 84 0 R/DW 0/W[61[667]]>>
endobj
84 0 obj
<>
endobj
85 0 obj
<>stream
0OS/2Va 8 Vcmap